卫生研究

目的研究云南省5岁以下儿童营养不良状况并分析其影响因素。方法采用多阶段分层随机抽样的方法,2016—2017年共抽取云南省13个县(区)的2869名5岁以下儿童进行询问调查及体格检查。使用2006年WHO生长发育标准计算Z评分,多因素分析采用非条件Logisitic回归分析。结果调查云南省5岁以下儿童2869名,其中男童1433名(49.95%),女童1436名(50.05%),儿童低体重率为3.46%,生长迟缓率为6.37%,消瘦率为3.42%。经Logistic多因素回归分析发现,6～23月龄组低出生体重(OR=4.368,95%CI 2.057～9.275),农村(OR=1.931,95%CI 1.076～3.462),家庭使用非卫生厕所(OR=1.688,95%CI 1.022～2.790),未添加辅食(OR=2.000,95%CI 1.130～3.542)儿童更易发生营养不良。24～59月龄组食物选择或烹调征求儿童意见(OR=3.570,95%CI 1.249～10.204)更易发生营养不良。结论 2016—2017年云南省5岁以下儿童营养状况有一定改善,但营养不良患病率依然较高。

OBJECTIVE To analyzing the malnutrition status and influencing factors of children under 5 years in Yunnan Province. METHODS Multi-stage stratified sampling used in the national survey was performed.The subjects of the study were 2869 children under 5 years, selected from 13 counties(cities) in Yunnan Province from 2016 to 2017. The contents of the investigation included questionnaire survey and anthropometric measurement.Z-scores were calculated according to WHO growth standards by WHO Anthro V3.2.2 software. Non conditional Logistic regression model was used to analyze the multiple factors. SPSS 20.0 statistical software was used to calculate and analyze the malnutrition rate of children. RESULTS A total of 2869 children under 5 years old were investigated in Yunnan Province, including 1433 boys(49.95%) and 1436 girls(50.05%). The prevalence of stunting, underweight and wasting of children under 5 years old were 3.46%, 6.37% and 3.42%. Logistic multifactor regression analysis showed that low birth weight(OR=4.368, 95% CI 2.057-9.275), rural area(OR=1.931, 95% CI 1.076-3.462), household use of unsanitary toilets(OR=1.688, 95% CI 1.022-2.790), children without supplemental food(OR=2.000, 95% CI 1.130-3.542) were the most important factors making the child more likely to become malnutrition in 6-23 month age group.Asking children for advice on food selection or cooking(OR=3.570, 95%CI 1.249-10.204) was the most important factors making the child more likely to become malnutrition in 6-23 month age group. CONCLUSION The nutritional status of children under 5 years old in Yunnan Province has been improved, but the prevalence of malnutrition is still high.