卫生研究

目的了解上海市素食流行状况以及素食人群的素食观念、健康和饮食相关行为。方法采用分层分阶段随机抽样方法,对4 004名上海市居民进行是否素食及素食类型的问卷调查。对473名在素食餐厅就餐的素食者进行了食素相关问题的问卷调查,其中的274人完成了营养和健康知识、态度和饮食相关行为问卷。结果上海市居民中,素食者占0.77%(奶素:0.45%,全素:0.12%),平均年龄65.0岁,女性占74.2%。473名素食者中,食素的主要原因是宗教信仰(49.3%)和健康(31.3%)。70.2%的人具有大专及以上学历。全素者中佛教徒较多,蛋奶素中大专及以上学历所占比例显著高于全素者。274名素食者中,关注自身健康和膳食状况者分别占76.5%和66.8%;67.5%的人认为自身健康状况良好。70.4%的全素者认为素食不会导致营养素缺乏,显著高于蛋奶素者中的比例(58.3%)。素食者常吃粗粮、豆制品、坚果和较多蔬菜者分别占52.7%、66.8%、36.9%和85.8%,经常服用营养补充剂者仅占5.9%。结论上海市居民中素食人群占0.77%。宗教信仰和追求健康是食素的两大主要原因;素食者对自身饮食和健康较为关注,倾向于摄入较多健康食品;对素食饮食较为自信,但对素食易造成某些营养素缺乏的问题认识不足。

Objective To assess the prevalence of vegetarians in the whole Shanghai population,and to know the vegetarians' brief and behavior on diet,nutrition and health.Methods First,a multi-staged,stratified,clustered random sampling design was used.A total representative sample of 4 004 Shanghai resident subjects were asked if they were vegetarians and what type of vegetarian they were by a well-designed questionnaire.Second,from ten vegetarian restaurants located in Shanghai. 473 adult vegetarians completed a questionnaire about vegetarian status,among whom 274 vegetarians completed a detailed questionnaire about their brief and behaviors on diet,nutrition and healthstatus. Results Of 4 004 subjects,0. 77% were vegetarians( 0. 45% were lactovegetarians and 0. 12% were vegans). The average age was 65. 0 years. 74. 2% of the vegetarians were female. Of 473 vegetarians,70. 2% of the vegetarians had college or higher education. Compared to vegans,lacto-ovo-vegetarians were significantly younger and had higher educational level. The main reasons for choosing a vegetarian lifestyle were religion( 49. 3%) and health( 31. 3%). Furthermore,more vegan tend to be Buddhist.Vegetarians were more concerned about their health( 209 /274, 76. 5%), the consumption of balance diets( 183 /274,66. 8%). Comparing with lacto-ovo-vegetarians( 58. 3%) more vegans( 70. 4%) believed in that vegetarian diet is a kind of healthy dietary pattern and will not have any nutrients deficiency( P = 0. 037). Vegetarians consumed more healthy foods( e. g.,whole grains,vegetables,soy products,and nuts)than the general population( P < 0. 01). Only 5. 8% of the vegetarians took dietary supplements. Conclusion 0. 77% of population in Shanghai was vegetarian. The two main reasons for adopting a vegetarian lifestyle were religion and health. The vegetarians tend to have more nutrition knowledge,better attitude and behavior on health. However,most of the vegetarians had not realized the nutrient deficiency risk of vegetarian diets.