卫生研究

目的分析1992—2012年中国城乡居民食物消费的变化趋势。方法以1992年全国营养调查、2002年中国居民营养与健康状况调查和2010—2012年中国居民营养与健康状况监测膳食调查数据为基础,比较不同年度各类食物消费量的差异。膳食调查均采用连续3天24小时回顾法,用称重法调查家庭调味品消费量。结果1992—2012年中国城乡居民粮谷类食物消费量有所下降,平均每标准人日摄入量由1992年的439.9 g下降至2010—2012年的337.3 g,薯类食物消费量也呈下降趋势,2010—2012年摄入量比1992年减少了50.8 g。新鲜蔬菜消费量由1992年的310.3 g下降至2010—2012年的269.4 g,农村下降较城市更加明显。城市居民水果消费量由1992年的80.1 g下降至2010—2012年的48.8 g,农村居民保持稳定。畜禽肉类消费量由1992年的58.9 g上升至2010—2012年的89.7 g。豆类、奶类和鱼虾类食物消费量基本保持稳定。食用油摄入量在1992—2002年间明显上升,2010—2012年与2002年基本持平。与1992年相比,2010—2012年全国平均盐摄入量减少了3.4 g,与2002年相比减少了1.5 g。结论 1992—2012年中国城乡居民的膳食结构发生明显改变,中国城乡居民的膳食质量有所提高,2002年后膳食结构逐渐稳定,但不合理的问题仍普遍存在,中国居民营养状况的双重负担更加明显,应对此采取干预措施。

Objective To analyze the trends of food consumption among Chinese population from 1992 to 2012. Methods Based on the results of 1992,2002 and 2010—2012,data of average food consumption per reference man per day was compared. The 3-consecutive day-24-hour dietary recall was used to collect information on food intake,but the condiment intake was collected by weighting method. Results The intake of cereals decreased during 1992—2012 from 439. 9 g to 337. 3 g,tubers decreased 50. 8 g during20 years. The intake of fresh vegetables was decreased from 310. 3 g to 269. 4 g from 1992 to 2012,with rural area decreased more than urban area. Fruit intake in urban area decreased from 80. 1 g to 28. 8 g,whereas rural area had minor variation. The intake ofmeats increased from 58. 9 g to 89. 7 g. There were little change on the intake of legume,dairy,fishery and their products. Intake of edible oil was increased during 1992—2002but kept stable during 2002—2012. Salt intake was 3. 4 g less in 2010—2012 than 1992 and 1. 5 g less in 2010—2012 than 2002. Conclusion There had been noticeable changes in dietarypattern among Chinese population in the past 20 years. Even though Chinese dietary pattern had kept stable since 2002 and had much improved,improper food consumption still existed. Double burdens should be considered as problems which asked for attention by the government and researchers.