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“后生元”这一术语在科学文献和商业产品中的应用日渐广泛，但其定义仍不明确。2021年，国际益生菌和益生元科学协会发表了关于后生元共识的声明。尽管该定义被广泛采纳，学界对其争议仍然存在。目前，后生元的临床证据系统性不足，作用机制解析不够深入。本文从科学、商业和监管的视角重新考虑这一概念，将其定义为“可以为人体带来健康益处的无生命微生物和/或其成分的复合物，可含或不含代谢产物或细胞成分”,并系统阐释了该定义的核心内涵。此外，本文进一步对后生元的纳入标准和评价方法进行了整合，系统总结了其在胃肠道健康、便秘、免疫调节、上呼吸道感染、代谢性疾病、口腔/皮肤健康等领域的临床试验证据，而后从调节肠道菌群、改善肠道屏障功能以及强化免疫系统功能等方面分析了其潜在的作用机制，可为后生元的科学研究、产业发展和标准化提供科学依据。
Abstract：The term “postbiotics” has been increasingly used in scientific literature and commercial products, yet a standardized definition remains elusive. In 2021, the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics issued a consensus statement on the definition of postbiotics, which has achieved broad international recognition and application, but some scholarly debate remained. This article re-evaluated the postbiotic concept through scientific, commercial, and regulatory lenses, proposing the definition as “a preparation of inanimate microorganisms and/or their components that confers a scientifically substantiated human health benefit.” Meanwhile, the conceptual framework underpinning this definition was systematically elaborated. Furthermore, we consolidated criteria for postbiotics selection and evaluation method ologies. We critically synthesized clinical trial evidence demonstrating efficacy across multiple health domains, including: gastrointestinal disorders, constipation, immune modulation and upper respiratory infections, metabolic diseases, oral and skin health, etc. Then, mechanistic insights were analyzed through three key pathways: modulation of gut microbiota composition/function, enhancement of intestinal barrier integrity, regulation of immune system responses. Collectively, this work provided an evidence-based foundation to advance postbiotic research, industrial development, and standardization efforts.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.19813/j.cnki.weishengyanjiu.2025.06.001
中图分类号:TS201.3;R151
引用信息:
[1]向雪松,李晓琴.后生元科学共识[J].卫生研究,2025,54(06):879-890.DOI:10.19813/j.cnki.weishengyanjiu.2025.06.001.
基金信息: