卫生研究

目的 分析贵州省特色食用菌的膳食纤维、矿物质含量特征，评估其营养密度及膳食贡献。方法 采集贵州省安顺市、毕节市、黔东南州等地35份特色食用菌样品(含干、鲜制品),测定其膳食纤维及10种矿物质含量。采用四分位数描述其营养成分；将所有样品的主要营养成分含量统一折算为每100 g干物质含量，采用Wilcoxon秩和检验进行组间比较；采用Spearman秩相关分析探究膳食纤维与矿物质的关联；对所有样品的膳食纤维及10种矿物质含量(干物质含量)进行主成分分析，根据因子载荷矩阵和各营养素的公共卫生重要性确定核心膳食营养素，设定干品日摄入5 g、鲜品50 g的常规消费量，基于《中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量(2023版)》计算其对核心膳食营养素的贡献率。结果 贵州省特色食用菌干制品组可溶性膳食纤维、磷、钾、硒的含量低于鲜制品组，而不溶性膳食纤维与锰含量高于鲜制品组(P<0.05)。安顺市西秀区的毛木耳(干制品)总膳食纤维与镁含量最高(75.40 g, 327.00 mg),剑河县羊肚菌(干制品)锌含量最高(17.96 mg)。总膳食纤维、不溶性膳食纤维与镁、钾含量呈强正相关(r>0.70,P<0.001);与硒(r=0.581,r=0.538)、钙(r=0.520,r=0.487)、铁(r=0.490,r=0.446)也呈中度正相关；可溶性膳食纤维与铁和锌的相关性(r=0.521,r=0.548)高于其与总膳食纤维的相关性(r=0.490,r=0.380)。主成分分析结果显示，前5个主成分累计方差贡献率达91.20%,硒的综合载荷最高。折算为干物质含量后，硒密度最高的是毕节市威宁县黄菇(鲜制品),铁、锌密度最高的是安顺市西秀区黑皮鸡枞(干制品)。在设定摄入量下，威宁县黄菇(鲜制品)的硒贡献率最高(21.90%);安顺市西秀区毛木耳(鲜制品)的膳食纤维贡献率达23.80%。结论 贵州省特色食用菌富含膳食纤维与矿物质，干品营养高度浓缩，鲜品单位干物质营养密度亦具有潜力。不同品种对不同营养素的膳食贡献各有侧重，其中黑皮鸡枞、黄菇、毛木耳等品种在补充特定微量营养素方面价值显著。

OBJECTIVE Analyze the dietary fiber and mineral content characteristics of specialty edible fungi in Guizhou Province, and evaluate their nutritional density and dietary contribution.METHODS Thirty-five samples of specialty edible fungi(including dried and fresh products) were collected from Anshun City, Bijie City, and Qiandongnan Prefecture in Guizhou Province. Their dietary fiber and ten mineral contents were determined. Median(interquartile range) values were used to describe nutritional components. The main nutritional contents of all samples were uniformly converted to per 100 g dry matter content. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was employed for intergroup comparisons. Spearman's rank correlation analysis was employed to investigate associations between dietary fiber and minerals. Principal component analysis was conducted on the dietary fiber and mineral(dry matter) content of all samples. Core dietary nutrients were identified based on factor loading matrices and public health significance of each nutrient. Daily intake targets were set at 5 g for dried products and and 50 g for fresh products. Contributions to core dietary nutrients were calculated based on the Dietary Reference Intakes for Chinese Residents(2023 Edition).RESULTS The soluble dietary fiber, phosphorus, potassium, and selenium content in the dried edible fungi group from Guizhou Province was lower than that in the fresh fungi group, while the insoluble dietary fiber and manganese content was higher than that in the fresh fungi group(P<0.05). The dried wood ear mushrooms from Xixiu District, Anshun City, exhibited the highest levels of total dietary fiber and magnesium(75.40 g, 327.00 mg), while the dried morel mushrooms from Jianhe County contained the highest zinc content(17.96 mg).Total dietary fiber, insoluble dietary fiber, magnesium, and potassium showed strong positive correlations(r> 0.70, P<0.001); while showing moderate positive correlations with selenium(r=0.581, r=0.538), calcium(r=0.520, r=0.487), and iron(r=0.490, r=0.446); Soluble dietary fiber showed higher correlations with iron and zinc(r=0.521, r=0.548) than with total fiber(r=0.490, r=0.380). Principal component analysis revealed that the first five principal components collectively explained 91.20% of the variance, with selenium exhibiting the highest composite loading. After conversion to dry matter content, selenium density peaked in fresh yellow mushrooms from Weining County, Bijie City, while iron and zinc density were highest in dried black-skinned chicken mushrooms from Xixui District, Anshun City. At the specified intake level, Weining County's yellow mushroom(fresh) contributed the highest proportion of selenium(21.90%), while Xixiu District's hairy wood ear fungus(fresh) provided 23.80% of dietary fiber.CONCLUSION Guizhou's specialty edible fungi are rich in dietary fiber and minerals. Dried varieties offer highly concentrated nutrients, while fresh varieties also demonstrate potential for high nutrient density per unit of dry matter. Different species contribute distinct nutritional benefits, with varieties such as black-skinned chicken mushrooms, yellow mushrooms, and hairy wood ear mushrooms being particularly valuable for supplementing specific micronutrients.