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目的基于健康行为过程取向模型,对大学生在改善饮食行为过程中不同阶段的特征进行分析。方法采取整群随机抽样的方法,于2015年4—11月抽取山西省8所高校的大学生1933人(男生613人,女生1320人),利用自制大学生饮食行为量表,大学生所处饮食阶段评定量表及社会认知量表,调查大学生的饮食行为以及饮食阶段和饮食意向。结果山西省8所高校学生饮食行为均分为118.17±15.27。在各社会认知变量中,积极结果预期(t=-3.98,P<0.001)和行为意向(t=-4.03,P<0.001)在性别间差异有统计学意义,均为女生高于男生。自我效能、风险感知、结果预期、行为计划及饮食行为在意向前、意向及行动阶段的差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论多数山西大学生处于改善饮食行为的行动阶段;不同膳食阶段的大学生社会认知变量不同,提示研究者可以根据饮食行为阶段性特征,对不同阶段的大学生实施针对性的健康管理,从而使得大学生的饮食行为更加合理、科学。
Abstract：Objective To analyze the stage characteristics in the dietary behavior improvement of college students and explore the role of social cognitive variables in the dietary behavior change based on the Health Action Process Approach.Methods Selfmade college students' eating behavior scales,college students' dietary rating scales and social cognitive scales were used to investigate their eating behavior,dietary stages,and eating intentions.A cluster random sampling was employed to select 2100 college students in 8 colleges and universities in Shanxi Province from April to November 2015,a total of 1933 valid questionnaires were retrieved.The respondents were grade one to four undergraduates,of whom 613 were boys and 1320 were girls.Results Cross-sectional survey result showed that the dietary behavior of college students in Shanxi Province was 118.17 ± 15.27.In the social cognitive variables,positive expectancy( t =-3.98,P <0.001) and behavioral intentions( t =-4.03,P < 0.001) had significant difference in gender,where girls were higher than boys.Self-efficacy, risk perception, outcome expectancy,action planning and dietary behavior all showed significant difference among preintenders,intenders and actors( P < 0.01).Conclusion The action stage of dietary behavior improvement had the most students and there were different social cognitive variables at different dietary behavior stages.Researchers should implement targed health management for students at different dietary behavior stages to make their dietary behavior more reasonablely and scientifically.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.19813/j.cnki.weishengyanjiu.2018.04.015
中图分类号:R153
引用信息:
[1]张持晨,郑晓,赵慧宁,等.基于健康行为过程取向模型的山西大学生饮食行为改善过程的阶段性特征[J].卫生研究,2018,47(04):588-592+627.DOI:10.19813/j.cnki.weishengyanjiu.2018.04.015.
基金信息:
教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金(No.13YJCZH239)
2018-07-27
2018-07-27