卫生研究

目的 分析中国2015年新疆成年居民糖尿病和血脂异常的患病率、知晓率和控制率。方法 以2015年中国居民慢性病与营养监测调查数据为基础，选择新疆有完整人口学资料、糖尿病和血脂相关调查数据的18岁及以上成年人作为调查对象。结果 2015年新疆18岁及以上成年人糖尿病患病率为7.1%,男性(8.0%)高于女性(6.2%);城市(9.0%)高于农村(5.3%);≥60岁组糖尿病的患病率(13.7%)最高(P<0.05),18～44和45～59岁分别为2.4%、8.9%。血脂异常患病率为46.6%,其中低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)血症患病率最高(34.0%)。男性血脂异常、高甘油三酯血症和低HDL-C血症的患病率均高于女性(P<0.05);城市(17.0%)高甘油三酯血症患病率高于农村(12.4%),农村(35.7%)低HDL-C血症患病率高于城市(31.9%)(P<0.05);高胆固醇血症和高LDL-C血症的患病率呈现年长者更高，低HDL-C血症患病率呈现年轻者更高(P<0.05)。本研究中糖尿病和血脂异常的知晓率分别为52.9%和18.1%,糖尿病和血脂异常患者的治疗率分别为46.2%和11.0%。成年女性的血脂异常知晓率和治疗率高于男性(P<0.05);城市居民血脂异常的知晓率、糖尿病和血脂异常患者的治疗率均高于农村(P<0.05);糖尿病、血脂异常的知晓率和治疗率均呈现随年龄增长的趋势(P<0.05)。结论 新疆糖尿病患病率略低于全国，但血脂异常问题突出，尤其是低HDL-C血症，且呈现年轻化趋势。

OBJECTIVE To analyze the prevalence, awareness, and control rates of diabetes and dyslipidemia among adult residents in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in 2015.METHODS Based on data from the 2015 China Chronic Disease and Nutrition Surveillance, adults aged 18 years and older in Xinjiang with complete demographic information and data related to diabetes and blood lipids were selected as 4666 study subjects.RESULTS In 2015, the prevalence of diabetes among adults aged ≥18 years in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region was 7.1%. The prevalence was significantly higher in men(8.0%) than in women(6.2%), and higher in urban(9.0%) than in rural(5.3%) areas. By age group, the prevalence was highest in adults aged ≥60 years(13.7%), followed by those aged 45-59 years(8.9%) and 18-44 years(2.4%)(all P<0.05).The prevalence of dyslipidemia was 46.6%, with low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) being the most prevalent subtype(34.0%). The prevalence rates of dyslipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and low HDL-C were significantly higher in males than in females(P<0.05). The prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia was higher in urban(17.0%) than in rural areas(12.4%), while the prevalence of low HDL-C was higher in rural(35.7%) than in urban areas(31.9%)(P<0.05). The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia and high LDL-C was higher in older adults, whereas that of low HDL-C was higher in younger adults(P<0.05). In this study, the awareness rates for diabetes and dyslipidemia were 52.9% and 18.1%, respectively. The treatment rates among patients with diabetes and dyslipidemia were 46.2% and 11.0%, respectively. Awareness and treatment rates for dyslipidemia were higher in adult females than in males(P<0.05). Urban residents had higher awareness rates for dyslipidemia and higher treatment rates for both diabetes and dyslipidemia than rural residents(P<0.05). Awareness and treatment rates for both diabetes and dyslipidemia showed increasing trends with age(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The prevalence of diabetes in Xinjiang is slightly lower than the national average, but dyslipidemia is prominent, particularly low HDL-C,with a noticeable trend of younger onset.