卫生研究

目的 了解中国成年居民在饮水与健康方面的知识、态度和行为现状。方法 于2022年3—4月，采用地理分层结合便利抽样法，通过电子问卷调查31个省(自治区、直辖市)的234个地级市，共收集11 558份问卷，最终纳入9956份有效问卷。问卷内容包括调查对象的基本情况、饮水健康知识、安全饮水态度和饮水相关行为特征。采用χ²检验比较不同性别、年龄、体质指数(body mass index, BMI)、家庭收入和吸烟状况群体间的差异。结果 调查对象女性占比较高(n=5952,59.9%),年龄整体年轻化(18～34岁，n=4470,44.9%),不吸烟人群占比高(n=8353,83.9%),家庭年收入以5万元～10万元群体为主(n=3306,33.1%)。调查对象对饮水不足健康危害知晓率较高(n=8795,88.3%),但对“健康饮用水”的认知率较低(n=5536,55.6%);不同性别、年龄、吸烟状况及家庭收入人群的知识知晓率差异均有统计学意义(χ²=14.30～183.54,P<0.01)。95.0%(n=9458)受访者认同饮水与健康密切相关，女性认同率更高(P<0.01),仅29.2%(n=2897)认为饮用水“非常安全”,男性、吸烟者认可比例更高(P<0.01),不同年龄组安全认知差异无统计学意义(P=0.28)。行为方面，65.2%(n=6494)的调查对象认同应定时饮水，且比例随年龄增长而升高；57.8%(n=5759)的调查对象使用过滤净水设备，女性、不吸烟者及正常体重人群使用比例更高。不同性别、年龄人群饮水行为差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论 2022年中国成年居民对饮水与健康的关联有普遍认知，但在具体知识掌握、安全感认知及健康行为实践上存在不足，且表现出显著的人群差异性。

OBJECTIVE To investigate the current status of knowledge, attitudes and practices(KAP) related to drinking water and health among adult residents in China.METHODS From March to April 2022, an online questionnaire survey was conducted using geographical stratified combined with convenience sampling, covering 234 prefecture-level cities across 31 provinces in China. A total of 11 558 questionnaires were collected, and 9956 valid questionnaires were finally included. The questionnaire consisted of demographic characteristics, knowledge on drinking water and health, attitudes toward safe drinking water, and drinking water-related behaviors. The χ² test was used to compare differences among groups by gender, age, BMI, household income and smoking status.RESULTS The participants were predominantly female(n=5952, 59.9%) and relatively young(18-34 years old, n=4470, 44.9%). Most were non-smokers(n=8353, 83.9%), and the largest household income group was 50 000-100 000 yuan(n=3306, 33.1%). The awareness rate of the health hazards of inadequate water intake was high(n=8795, 88.3%), while awareness of what constitutes healthy drinking water was low(n=5536, 55.6%). Differences in knowledge awareness by gender, age, smoking status and household income were all statistically significant(χ²=14.30-183.54,P<0.01).A total of 95.0%(n=9458) of respondents agreed that drinking water is closely related to health, with a higher proportion among females(P<0.01). Only 29.2%(n=2897) regarded drinking water as“very safe”, with higher rates in males and smokers(P<0.01). No significant difference in safety perception was found across age groups(P=0.28). Regarding behaviors, 65.2%(n=6494) of participants endorsed regular water drinking, and the proportion increased with age. 57.8%(n=5759) of participants used filtered water purification devices, with higher usage among females, non-smokers and normal-weight individuals. Differences in drinking water behaviors by gender and age were both statistically significant(P<0.01).CONCLUSION Chinese adult residents possess a general awareness of the link between drinking water and health. However, deficiencies exist in specific knowledge, perception of safety, and the practice of healthy behaviors, with significant differences observed across various demographic groups.