卫生研究

目的了解在校青少年人格、流动经历、主观健康与抑郁的关系。方法于2016年1—2月采取整群随机抽样的方法,调查安徽省芜湖市、六安市以及马鞍山市的749名14～25岁大学生(大一至大四本科生及研究生)和高中生(高一至高三),其中男生367人,女生392人。采用TI PI-C人格量表、主观健康量表和贝克抑郁量表调查其人格、主观身体健康、流动经历以及抑郁水平,并进行相关分析和回归分析。结果 (1)在校青少年抑郁与其外倾性(r=-0. 13,P <0. 01)、宜人性(r=-0. 15,P <0. 01)、责任心(r=-0. 25,P <0. 01)、开放性(r=-0. 12,P <0. 01)以及主观健康(r=-0. 14,P <0. 01)呈显著负相关,与神经质呈显著正相关(r=0. 23,P <0. 01)。(2)主观健康在外倾性(间接效应-0. 05,95%CI-0. 14～-0. 02)、责任心(间接效应-0. 05,95%CI-0. 14～-0. 01)以及神经质(间接效应0. 05,95%CI 0. 01～0. 12)与抑郁的关系间起到中介作用。(3)在外倾性(β=-0. 17,t=-3. 41,P <0. 001;β=-0. 26,t=-4. 57,P <0. 001)和责任心(β=0. 13,t=2. 65,P <0. 01;β=-0. 20,t=-3. 60,P <0. 001)维度上,流动经历调节了中介过程的前后两条路径;在神经质维度上,流动经历调节了中介过程的直接路径(β=0. 79,t=12. 68,P <0. 001)与后半路径(β=-0. 15,t=-2. 85,P <0. 001)。结论在校青少年的流动经历减弱了外倾性对主观健康的正向预测作用,增强了责任心对主观健康的负向预测作用以及神经质对抑郁的正向预测作用。

Objective To investigate the relationship between personality in school adolescents,migration experience,subjective health and depression. Methods From January to February 2016,this study was surveyed by random sampling used subjective health questionnaire,ten-item personality questionnaire and Beck questionnaire to test 759 adolescents aged 14 to 25 in Wuhu,Lu' an and Maanshan. The personality,migration experience,subjective health and depression were analyzed by correlation analysis and regression analysis. Results( 1) Adolescent depression was significantly negatively correlated with extroversion,agreeableness,conscientiousness,openness,and subjective health( r =-0. 13,P < 0. 01; r =-0. 15,P < 0. 01; r =-0. 25,P < 0. 01; r =-0. 12,P < 0. 01; r =-0. 14,P < 0. 01),and had a significant positive correlation with neuroticism( r = 0. 23,P < 0. 01).( 2) Subjective health played a mediating role in extroversion( indirect effect-0. 05,95% CI-0. 14--0. 02),conscientiousness( indirect effect-0. 05,95% CI-0. 14--0. 01) and relationship( indirect effect0. 05,95% CI 0. 01-0. 12) between neuroticism and depression.( 3) In the extroversion and conscientiousness dimensions,the migration experience regulated the two paths before and after the mediation process [( β =-0. 17,t =-3. 41,P < 0. 001; β =-0. 26,t =-4. 57,P < 0. 001),( β = 0. 13,t = 2. 65,P < 0. 01; β =-0. 20,t =-3. 60,P <0. 001) ]. In the neuroticism dimension,the migration experience regulated the direct path and the latter half of the mediation process( β = 0. 79,t = 12. 68,P < 0. 001; β =-0. 15,t =-2. 85,P < 0. 001). Conclusion The migration experience weakens the positive predictive effect of extroversion on subjective health,and enhances the positive predictive effect of conscientiousness on subjective health and the positive predictive effect of neuroticism on depression among school adolescents.