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目的 分析膳食模式与成年人非酒精性脂肪性肝病(nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFLD)的关系。方法 选取中国健康与营养调查2015年数据完整的成年人。采用3天24小时膳食回顾结合家庭称重法评估膳食，通过因子分析提取膳食模式并按四分位数分组。采用脂肪肝指数(fatty liver index, FLI)和NAFLD肝脏脂肪评分(liver fat score, LFS)筛查NAFLD。采用多因素logistic回归分析膳食模式和NAFLD的关系。按年龄、性别和在外就餐进行亚组分析。结果 本研究纳入9147人，识别出4种膳食模式：米菜猪肉类、蛋果类、面-杂粮类和其他畜-禽肉类。FLI和NAFLD-LFS筛查的NAFLD患病率分别为15.0%和11.1%。结果显示米菜猪肉类和蛋果类膳食模式与NAFLD的患病无关；面-杂粮类膳食模式Q4组较Q1组患NAFLD可能性显著降低(FLI:OR=0.766, 95%CI 0.623～0.942;NAFLD-LFS:OR=0.656, 95%CI 0.536～0.803,P趋势<0.001);45～59岁、≥60岁、女性和在外就餐组结果类似。其他畜-禽肉类膳食模式与NAFLD正相关(NAFLD-LFS:OR=1.088, 95%CI 1.017～1.163),且不受是否在外就餐影响。结论 面-杂粮类膳食模式可降低成年人NAFLD患病可能性，其他畜-禽肉类膳食模式则相反。
Abstract：OBJECTIVE To analyze the relationship between dietary pattern and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) among adults.METHODS Individuals aged ≥18 years with completed data in China Health and Nutrition Survey 2015 were selected. Dietary survey was performed using three consecutive 24-hour dietary recalls combined with a weighing inventory at the household level. Dietary pattern was extracted using factor analysis, and scores were categorized into four groups by quartiles. NAFLD was screened using the fatty liver index(FLI) and NAFLD liver fat score(LFS). Association between dietary patterns and NAFLD was analyzed using multivariate logistic regression model. Subgroup analyses were conducted by age, gender and eating out.RESULTS A total of 9147 participants were included, and four dietary patterns were identified, named as Rice-Veg-Pork dietary pattern, Egg-Fruit dietary pattern, Wheat-Mixed Grain dietary pattern, and Poultry-and-Other-Red-Meat dietary pattern. The prevalence of NAFLD screened by FLI and NAFLD-LFS were 15.0% and 11.1%, respectively. The result showed that Rice-Veg-Pork dietary pattern and Egg-Fruit dietary pattern were not associated with the prevalence of NAFLD. Compared with the lowest quartile group(Q1), adults in the highest quartile group(Q4) of Wheat-Mixed Grain dietary pattern score had a significantly reduced odds of developing NAFLD(FLI: OR=0.766, 95%CI 0.623-0.942, Ptrend=0.002; NAFLD-LFS: OR=0.656, 95%CI 0.536-0.803, Ptrend<0.001). Similar result were observed in subgroups aged 45-59 years, ≥60 years, females, and those eating out. Poultry-and-Other-Red-Meat dietary pattern score was positively associated with odds of NAFLD(NAFLD-LFS: OR=1.088, 95%CI 1.017-1.163), and this association was not influenced by dining out.CONCLUSIONWheat-Mixed Grain dietary pattern could reduce the odds of NAFLD in adults, whereas Poultry-and-Other-Red-Meat dietary pattern is converse.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.19813/j.cnki.weishengyanjiu.2026.04.014
中图分类号:R575.5
引用信息:
[1]汲金刚,贾小芳,王惠君,等.2015年中国十五省(自治区、直辖市)成年居民膳食模式与非酒精性脂肪性肝病的关联[J].卫生研究,2026,55(04):613-622.DOI:10.19813/j.cnki.weishengyanjiu.2026.04.014.
基金信息:
国家重点研发计划(No.2023YFF1104203); 国家财政项目(No.13103110700015005)
2026-07-15
2026-07-15