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目的 了解2000—2019年中国汉族7～18岁儿童青少年超重肥胖的现状及变化趋势。方法 选取2000、2005、2010、2014和2019年5次全国学生体质与健康调研中1 100 303例7～18岁汉族儿童青少年体质指数数据，以性别、年龄分层，使用“1985年身高标准体重法”筛查超重和肥胖，分性别、年龄计算儿童青少年超重、肥胖的检出率、增幅和年增长率，统计分析使用t检验、一般线性回归、χ2检验、χ2线性趋势检验。结果 2000—2019年，中国7～18岁儿童青少年体质指数呈现逐年上升趋势(P-trend均<0.001);男女生超重率分别从2000年的9.42%、7.23%上升至2019年的15.44%、13.34%(χ2线性趋势值=2531.626、2955.485,P<0.001);肥胖率从2000年的6.57%、3.43%上升至2019年的18.41%、10.23%(χ2线性趋势值=9101.419、5300.488,P<0.001)。各年份不同年龄段男女生肥胖率差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。2000—2014年，男女生超重检出率增速持续增加，至2010—2014年达到最大增速，为0.52%/年和0.50%/年，此后至2019年，增速下降至0.09%/年和0.29%/年。2014—2019年男女生肥胖增速(男0.70%/年、女0.51%/年)比2010—2014年的最大值略有下降(男0.92%/年、女0.58%/年),但仍然大于2010年以前。从年龄段看，男女生低年龄段超重率增速显著下降，但高年龄段肥胖率增速显著提高，肥胖呈现出由低龄化转变为高龄化的趋势。结论 2000—2019年中国儿童青少年超重与肥胖检出率持续增长，2014—2019年增速小于2010—2014年达到的最大值；2014—2019年低年龄段男女生超重情况得到有效抑制，高年龄段男女肥胖率增速加快。
Abstract：OBJECTIVE To understand the current situation and trend of overweight and obesity among Chinese children and adolescents aged 7-18 years from 2000 to 2019.METHODS The body mass index(BMI) data of 1 100 303 Han children and adolescents aged 7-18 years by national students fitness and health survey report in 2000,2005,2010,2014 and 2019 were selected.The “1985 height standard weight method” was used to screen overweight and obesity, and the detection rate, growth rang and growth rate of overweight and obesity were calculated by sex and age. Statistical analysis was performed by t-test, general linear regression, chi square test, chi square trend test.RESULTS From 2000 to 2019, BMI of Chinese children and adolescents aged 7-18 years showed an increasing trend(all P-trend< 0.001). The overweight rate of boys and girls increased from 9.42% and 7.23% in 2000 to 15.44% and 13.34% in 2019(χ2 linear trend = 2531.626 and 2955.485, all P<0.001). The obesity rate increased from 6.57% and 3.43% in 2000 to 18.41% and 10.23% in 2019(χ2 linear trend = 9101.419 and 5300.488, all P<0.001). The obesity rate of boys and girls at different ages in each year was statistically significant(all P<0.001). From 2000 to 2014, the growth rate of overweight rate of boys and girls continued to increase, reaching the maximum growth rate of 0.52%/year and 0.50%/year from 2010 to 2014, and then dropped to 0.09%/year and 0.29%/year in 2019. From 2014 to 2019, the growth rate of obesity of boys and girls(0.70%/year for boys and 0.51%/year for girls) was slightly lower than the maximum value from 2010 to 2014(0.92%/year for boys and 0.58%/year for girls), but still higher than that before 2010. From the perspective of age, the growth rate of overweight rate of boys and girls in the low age group decreased significantly, but the growth rate of obesity rate in the high age group increased significantly, and obesity showed a trend of changing from low age to old age.CONCLUSION The detection rate of overweight and obesity among Chinese children and adolescents continued to increase from 2000 to 2019, and the growth rate from 2014 to 2019 was less than the maximum value reached in 2010 to 2014. From 2014 to 2019, the overweight of boys and girls in the low age group was effectively suppressed, and the obesity rate of boys and girls in the high age group accelerated, it is not optimistic.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.19813/j.cnki.weishengyanjiu.2023.04.001
中图分类号:R723.14
引用信息:
[1]王洋,阿力木江·依米提·塔尔肯.2000—2019年中国汉族7～18岁儿童青少年超重与肥胖变化趋势[J].卫生研究,2023,52(04):519-527.DOI:10.19813/j.cnki.weishengyanjiu.2023.04.001.
基金信息:
教育部青年基金项目(No.16YJC890001)
2023-07-18
2023-07-18