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目的 探讨孕期妇女焦虑、抑郁现状及影响因素。方法 采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样方法，采用一般资料调查表、焦虑自评量表和爱丁堡产后抑郁量表，收集2021—2023年在陕西省和新疆维吾尔自治区的4个孕产保健医疗机构进行产前检查的6362例孕妇的人口学资料、妊娠基本情况和心理健康状况等指标，并采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析调查对象焦虑及抑郁的相关因素。结果 调查对象年龄(30.46±3.94)岁，汉族5691人(89.45%),少数民族671人(10.55%),孕早期2167人(34.06%),孕中期2078人(32.66%),孕晚期2117人(33.28%)。孕期焦虑发生率为20.03%(n=1274人),抑郁发生率40.69%(n=2589)。单因素分析显示，不同民族、孕期、文化程度、产次、城乡、睡眠状况、丈夫孕前饮酒情况的孕妇焦虑发生率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同民族、家庭人均月收入、受孕方式、城乡、睡眠状况、丈夫孕前吸烟及饮酒情况的孕妇抑郁发生率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析表明，孕中期(OR=1.187,95%CI 1.016～1.386)、孕晚期(OR=1.271,95%CI 1.091～1.482)、文化程度本科(OR=1.649,95%CI 1.365～1.992)、大专/职大(OR=1.297,95%CI 1.074～1.567)、硕士及以上(OR=1.699,95%CI 1.297～2.224)、孕前丈夫饮酒(OR=1.339,95%CI 1.176～1.526)与孕妇焦虑发生率成正相关；少数民族(OR=0.717,95%CI 0.571～0.899)、从不失眠(OR=0.583,95%CI 0.453～0.750)与孕妇焦虑发生率成负相关；家庭人均月收入10000元及以上(OR=1.412,95%CI 1.22～1.635)、孕前丈夫饮酒(OR=1.465,95%CI 1.308～1.640)与孕妇抑郁发生率成正相关；少数民族(OR=0.546,95%CI 0.455～0.656)、自然受孕(OR=0.672,95%CI 0.528～0.856)、偶尔失眠(OR=0.691,95%CI 0.555～0.860)及从不失眠(OR=0.539,95%CI 0.434～0.669)则与孕妇抑郁发生率成负相关。结论孕期妇女普遍存在焦虑、抑郁情绪，少数民族和从不失眠与孕期焦虑及抑郁的发生率均为负相关，孕前丈夫存在饮酒行为与孕期焦虑及抑郁的发生率均为正相关。此外，孕妇焦虑还与孕妇所处孕期有关，孕中晚期发生焦虑的可能性更高；孕妇抑郁还与受孕方式有关，自然受孕的孕妇发生抑郁的可能性更低。
Abstract：OBJECTIVE To investigate the current prevalence of anxiety and depression among pregnant women and identify the associated influencing factors.METHODS A multistage stratified random cluster sampling method was adopted. Questionnaires, the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS) and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale(EPDS) were used to collect indicators including demographic data, basic pregnancy information and mental health status from 6362 pregnant women who received prenatal examinations in 4 maternal health care institutions in Shaanxi Province and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region between 2021 and 2023. A multivariate logistic regression model was applied to analyze the relevant factors of anxiety and depression among the respondents.RESULTS The average age of the respondents was(30.46±3.94) years. Among all participants, 5691(89.45%) were of Han ethnicity and 671(10.55%) were from ethnic minorities; 2167(34.06%) were in the first trimester, 2078(32.66%) in the second trimester, and 2117(33.28%) in the third trimester. The prevalence of anxiety during pregnancy was 20.03%(n=1274), and the prevalence of depression was 40.69%(n=2589). Univariate analysis showed that statistically significant differences in the prevalence of anxiety were observed among pregnant women stratified by ethnicity, gestational trimester, educational attainment, parity, residential location, sleep status, and pre-pregnancy alcohol consumption of husbands(P<0.05). Statistically significant differences in the prevalence of depression were found among pregnant women stratified by ethnicity, per capita monthly household income, conception mode, residential location, sleep status, and pre-pregnancy smoking and alcohol consumption of husbands(P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis indicated that second trimester(OR=1.187, 95%CI 1.016-1.386), third trimester(OR=1.271, 95%CI 1.091-1.482), undergraduate degree(OR=1.649, 95%CI 1.365-1.992), junior college/vocational college education(OR=1.297, 95%CI 1.074-1.567), postgraduate degree or above(OR=1.699, 95%CI 1.297-2.224), and pre-pregnancy alcohol consumption of husbands(OR=1.339, 95%CI 1.176-1.526) were positively correlated with the prevalence of anxiety in pregnant women. Ethnic minority identity(OR=0.717, 95%CI 0.571-0.899) and never experiencing insomnia(OR=0.583,95%CI 0.453-0.750) were negatively correlated with the prevalence of anxiety. Per capita monthly household income of 10 000 yuan or above(OR=1.412, 95%CI 1.22-1.635) and pre-pregnancy alcohol consumption of husbands(OR=1.465, 95%CI 1.308-1.640) were positively correlated with the prevalence of depression. Ethnic minority identity(OR=0.546, 95%CI 0.455-0.656), natural conception(OR=0.672, 95%CI 0.528-0.856), occasional insomnia(OR=0.691, 95%CI 0.555-0.860) and never experiencing insomnia(OR=0.539, 95%CI 0.434-0.669) were negatively correlated with the prevalence of depression.CONCLUSION Anxiety and depression are prevalent among pregnant women. Ethnic minority identity and the absence of insomnia are negatively correlated with the prevalence of both anxiety and depression during pregnancy, while pre-pregnancy alcohol consumption of husbands is positively correlated with the prevalence of both conditions. Additionally, anxiety in pregnancy is associated with gestational trimester, with pregnant women in the second and third trimesters having a higher likelihood of developing anxiety. Depression in pregnancy is associated with conception mode, with naturally conceiving pregnant women having a lower likelihood of developing depression.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.19813/j.cnki.weishengyanjiu.2026.04.017
中图分类号:R715.3
引用信息:
[1]慕迪,王鹏飞,张环美,等.2021—2023年陕西和新疆6362名孕妇焦虑、抑郁现状及相关因素[J].卫生研究,2026,55(04):639-646.DOI:10.19813/j.cnki.weishengyanjiu.2026.04.017.
基金信息:
科技基础资源调查专项(No.2019FY101002)
2026-07-15
2026-07-15