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目的 了解2019—2021年中国6～71月龄儿童超重肥胖和贫血双重营养不良现状及相关因素。方法 采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样方法进行样本选择，于2019—2021年抽取14个省(自治区、直辖市)28个城市和农村调查点的25 791名6～71月龄儿童作为研究对象。采取统一制定的调查问卷收集儿童和其家长(或看护人)基本情况，采用统一的测量工具测量儿童的身长(身高)和体重，采用血红蛋白分析仪测定儿童血红蛋白。利用年龄别体质指数Z评分和血红蛋白浓度评估儿童的超重肥胖和贫血双重营养不良患病率。不同特征儿童营养不良患病率比较采用χ2检验，采用多因素Logistic回归模型进行儿童双重营养不良多因素分析。结果 调查儿童中6～11月龄5127名，12～23月龄6592名，24～35月龄3605名，36～47月龄3492名，48～59月龄3559名，60～71月龄3416名。6～71月龄儿童超重肥胖和贫血双重营养不良患病率为0.8%(n=210)。12～23月龄(OR=0.69, 95%CI 0.42～0.83)、24～35月龄(OR=0.33,95%CI 0.19～0.55)、36～47月龄(OR=0.14,95%CI 0.06～0.30,P<0.01)、48～59月龄(OR=0.26,95%CI 0.14～0.48)、60～71月龄(OR=0.46,95%CI 0.28～0.75)、父亲40～44岁(OR=0.40,95%CI 0.17～0.97)及大专及以上文化程度(OR=0.58,95%CI 0.35～0.95)的儿童患超重肥胖和贫血双重营养不良的发生风险越小(P<0.05);巨大儿(OR=1.73,95%CI 1.13～2.66)、非独生子女(OR=1.58,95%CI 1.14～2.19)、中部地区(OR=1.64,95%CI 1.11～2.43)、农村(OR=1.45,95%CI 1.05～2.00)是导致超重肥胖和贫血双重营养不良的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论 2019—2021年中国6～71月龄儿童超重肥胖和贫血双重营养不良的患病率处于较低水平。儿童双重营养不良存在城市和农村的差异，并且与儿童月龄、父亲年龄与父亲文化程度成负相关关系，但与巨大儿、非独生子女和居住地区成正相关关系。
Abstract：OBJECTIVE To provide updated prevalence and associated factors of double burden of malnutrition(DBM) among children aged 6-17 months in China.METHODS This study was a cross-sectional study. A multi-stage stratified randomized sampling method was used to recruit 25 791 children aged 6-71 months from 14 provinces in China between 2019 and 2021. A standardized questionnaire survey was used to collect basic information about children and their parents. All children were weighted using unified digital weight scales, and the length/height of all children was determined using unified instruments. Hemoglobin of all children was collected using a HemoCue 201+ system. The body mass index for age Z-scores and anemia were determined and used to evaluate the prevalence of double burden of overweight/obesity and anemia malnutrition. The chi-square test was used to compare the prevalence of malnutrition among children with different characteristics. The unconditional logistic regression model was used to examine factors associated with the malnutrition.RESULTS This study included 25 791 children aged 6-71 months, including 5127 children aged 6-11 months, 6592 children aged 12-23 months, 3605 children aged 24-35 months, 3492 children aged 36-47 months, 3559 children aged 48-59 months, and 3416 children aged 60-71 months.The prevalence of double burden of overweight/obesity and malnutrition among children aged 6-71 months was 0.8%(n=210). 12-23 months(OR=0.69,95%CI 0.42-0.83), 24-35 months(OR=0.33,95%CI 0.19-0.55), 36-47 months(OR=0.14,95%CI 0.06-0.30), 48-59 months(OR=0.26, 95%CI 0.14-0.48), 60-71 months(OR=0.46,95%CI 0.28-0.75), father's age of 40-44years(OR=0.40,95%CI 0.17-0.97) and higher education levels of father(OR=0.40,95%CI 0.17-0.97) were the protective factors for DBM(P<0.05), whereas large-for-gestational-age infants(LGA)(OR=1.73,95%CI 1.13-2.66),non-only-child(OR=1.58,95%CI 1.14-2.19), central regions(OR=1.64,95%CI 1.11-2.43) and rural area(OR=1.45,95%CI 1.05-2.00)were the risk factors for DBM(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The prevalence of DBM among children aged 6-71 months in 14 provinces in China was at a relatively low level. The occurrence of overweight/obesity and anemia malnutrition was impacted by children age, LGA, non-only-child, age of father, education levels of father and regions.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.19813/j.cnki.weishengyanjiu.2025.03.007
中图分类号:R153.2
引用信息:
[1]骆明佳,庞学红,姜珊,等.2019—2021年中国6～71月龄儿童超重肥胖和贫血双重营养不良现状及相关因素[J].卫生研究,2025,54(03):397-404.DOI:10.19813/j.cnki.weishengyanjiu.2025.03.007.
基金信息:
科技部基础资源调查专项(No.2017GFY10110)
2025-05-21
2025-05-21