| 1,580 | 132 | 114 |
| 下载次数 | 被引频次 | 阅读次数 |
采用环境流行病学、环境化学、污染气象学相结合的研究方法 ,通过建立暴露浓度数学模型和大气颗粒物源解析确定燃煤污染物暴露水平 ,并定量研究其对人群健康危害程度的技术方法 ,获得了大气环境常规监测资料不能得到的燃煤大气污染物PM1 0 、PM2 5、B(a)P等的人群历史暴露水平、燃煤对大气污染物的贡献率及煤烟型大气污染物的现状污染水平 ;确定了燃煤污染物对人群健康危害的影响程度。结果表明 ,重度污染区成人发生呼吸系统症状和阻塞性肺部疾病的危险性分别是相对清洁区的 1 7倍和 1 5倍 ;Ln(PM1 0 )每升高一个单位 ,小学生呼吸系统大、小气道通气量分别降低 1 94ml和 1 72ml;Ln(SO2 )升高一个单位 ,小学生呼吸系统大、小气道通气量分别降低 69ml和 1 1 9ml;重度污染区小学生非特异免疫指标和体液免疫指标均明显低于相对清洁区
Abstract：To develop the mathematics model of exposure to coal burning pollution;To confirm the exposure level of coal burning pollutants by source analysis of atmospheric particulates;To establish the quantilification technology and methods of human health impact. Combinating the methods of epidemiology, environmental chemistry and contaminated aerography. We obtained the data of human historical expose to PM 10 , PM 2.5 , and Bap etc. that can't be obtained from the general inspect and the contribution rate of coal burning as well as the status of coal burning air pollutants. Confirming the degree of human health impact due to coal burning pollutants, which included:The occurrence risk of respiratory symptoms and COPD of adults in heavily polluted area was 1 7 and 1 5 times of that of relatively clean area respectively; FVC and FEF 50 of pupils decreased 194ml and 172ml respectively with the increasing of every unit of the Ln(PM 10 ). FVC and FEF 50 of pupils decreased 69ml and 119ml respectively with the increase of every unit of the Ln(SO 2). Both the indices of nonspecific and humoral immunity of pupils in heavily and medium polluted areas were worse than those in relatively clean area.
1 范春,王贤珍主编.环境医学展望.哈尔滨:黑龙江科学技术出版社,1995,8—10
2 Dockery DW,Speizer FE,Stram DO,etal.Effectsofinhalableparticlesonrespiratoryhealthofchildren.AmRevRespirDis,1989,139(3):587
3 Boez enHM,Vanderz eeSC,Post maDS,etal.Effectsofambientairpollutiononupperandlowerrespiratorysymptomsandpeakexpiratoryflowinchildren.Lancet,1999,353(9156):874
4 XuXP, WangLH.Associationofindoorandoutdoorparticulatelevelwithchronicrespiratoryillness.AmRevRespirDis,1993,148:1516
5 PopeCAⅢ,D ockeryDW,Sp englerJD,etal.Respiratoryhealt handPM10pollution:adilytimeseriesanalysis.AmRevRespirDis,1991,144:66 8
6 X uZY,ChenBH,K jellstromT,etal.Studyodsevereairpollutionandmortalityinshenyang.AirPollution&ItsHealthEffectsin China. Geneva:WHO,1995
7 张晓明,裴秀坤,王建辉,等.空气污染流行病学研究.环境与健康杂志,2000,17(1):9
8 田裘学,周陵芝.兰州市大气污染对居民健康影响的研究.中国环境科学,1994,14(3):200
9 张丽云.天津市某工业区大气污染对儿童健康影响的研究.环境与健康杂志,1999,16(2):93
10 王瑾,陈秉衡,室内外空气污染对儿童免疫指标的影响.环境与健康杂志,1989,6(4):1
11 韩存芝,荆洁线,孙桂训,等.环境污染对居民细胞遗传物质损伤的调查研究.中华流行病学杂志,1997,18(2):83
12 中国环境年鉴编写组.中国环境年鉴.北京:中国环境科学出版社,1998
13 TheWorldBank(1997).ClearWater,B lueSkies:China’sEnvironmentinthe21stCentury.ChinaandMongoliaDepartment,EastAsiaandPacificRegion,ReportNo.16481—CHA
14 崔九思,王钦源,王汉平主编.大气污染监测方法(第2版).北京:化学工业出版社,1997,415—1023
15 刘宗敏主编.现代分析仪器———感耦等离子体原子发射光谱法.北京:科学技术文献出版社,1997,636—637
16 陈明华,陈静森,李德,等.上海市大气颗粒物高浓度区污染物的源解析.上海环境科学,1997,16(10):15
17 金银龙,程义斌,王汉章,等.煤烟型大气污染对成人呼吸系统疾病及其症状影响的研究.卫生研究,2001,30(4):241—243
18 何兴舟,杨儒道主编.室内燃煤空气污染与肺癌.昆明:云南科技出版社,1994,197—198
19 董胜璋,张志勇,蔡承铿,等.工业区大气污染对儿童肺功能影响的研究.环境与健康杂志,1999,16(2):71—73
20 周惠蓉.大气不同污染水平对儿童免疫功能影响的探讨.环境与健康杂志,1987,4(2):8—10
基本信息:
中图分类号:X51
引用信息:
[1]金银龙,何公理,刘凡,洪燕峰,程义斌,王汉章,赵宝新,邓晓为,刘力,张燕萍.中国煤烟型大气污染对人群健康危害的定量研究[J].卫生研究,2002(05):342-348.
基金信息:
国家“九五”环保科技项目(NO .96-911- 0 7- 0 1)
2002-09-20
2002-09-20