卫生研究

目的 调查不同水碘地区加碘盐覆盖率(coverage rate of iodized salt, CR),评估7～11岁儿童碘营养状况及甲状腺肿大率，并分析儿童碘摄入水平。方法 2024年9—10月在碘过量地区(iodine-excess areas, IEA)、碘适宜地区(iodine-adequate areas, IAA)及碘缺乏地区(iodine-deficient areas, IDA)开展现场调查，共纳入7～11岁儿童1536名。使用碘专用食物频率问卷收集儿童日常膳食信息。测量儿童甲状腺容积，收集饮用水、食盐和尿液样本进行实验室检测。以尿碘中位数评价儿童碘营养状况，并依据推荐膳食碘摄入量评估儿童每日碘摄入水平的充足性。结果 IEA、IAA和IDA的CR分别为0.00%、94.75%和97.39%;对应的尿碘中位数分别为739.60、217.45和175.55μg/L。IEA、IAA和IDA的甲状腺肿大率分别为9.30%、1.37%和1.53%。IEA、IAA和IDA的膳食总碘摄入量中位数分别为318.54、261.28和195.83μg/d。上述指标在不同水碘地区间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 IDA的儿童处于碘适宜状态。IAA儿童存在碘摄入偏高的风险。IEA的儿童处于碘过量状态，应进一步强化改水降碘等干预措施。

OBJECTIVE Investigate the coverage rate of iodized salt(CR) in different areas with varying water iodine levels, evaluate the iodine nutritional status and goiter rate of children aged 7-11 years old, and analyze the iodine intake levels of children.METHODS From September to October in 2024, field investigations were conducted in iodine-excess areas(IEA), iodine-adequate areas(IAA), and iodine-deficient areas(IDA). A total of 1536 children aged 7 to 11 years were included in the study. Iodine specific food frequency questionnaire was used to collect children's dietary information. Thyroid volume was measured, and drinking water, salt, and urine samples were collected for laboratory tests. The iodine nutritional status of children was evaluated by the median urinary iodine, and the adequacy of children's daily iodine intake level was evaluated according to the recommended dietary iodine intake.RESULTS The CR rates of IEA, IAA and IDA were 0.00%, 94.75% and 97.39%, respectively. The corresponding medians of urinary iodine were 739.60, 217.45 and 175.55 μg/L, respectively. The goiter rates of IEA, IAA and IDA were 9.30%, 1.37% and 1.53%, respectively. The median of total dietary iodine intake of IEA, IAA and IDA were 318.54, 261.28 and 195.83 μg/d, respectively. There were significant differences in the above indicators among different water iodine areas(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Children with IDA were iodine adequate. Children with IAA are at risk of high iodine intake. The children with IEA were in iodine excess state, and intervention measures such as improving water iodine should be further strengthened.