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目的 了解中国十六省(自治区、直辖市)成年居民盐、钠摄入现状及食物来源。方法 利用2022—2024年“中国发展与营养健康影响队列调查”资料，选择有完整人口学特征、膳食调查数据≥18岁居民为研究对象，分析不同性别、年龄、居住地和地域成年居民盐、钠摄入量及主要来源，并与推荐摄入量、降低膳食相关非传染性疾病风险的建议摄入量(preventive intake for non-communicable disease, PI-NCD)进行比较，评估摄入状况。结果 十六省(自治区、直辖市)成年居民总盐摄入中位数为8.5 g/d,其中烹调盐摄入中位数为6.4 g/d,钠盐摄入中位数为1.5 g/d, 76.9%的人群总盐摄入量≥5 g/d的推荐摄入量；总钠摄入中位数达4230.9 mg/d, 87.7%的居民超过PI-NCD,87.1%超过WHO推荐的2000 mg/d上限。男性、北方居民、农村居民的盐、钠摄入量相对更高，65～74岁年龄组钠摄入量超过PI-NCD的比例相对更高。总盐及钠摄入的主要来源均为烹调盐。结论 我国成年居民高盐高钠饮食问题依然突出，摄入水平远高于推荐标准，且存在明显的人群与地区分布差异。
Abstract：OBJECTIVE To understand the current status and food sources of salt and sodium intake among adult residents in 16 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities) of China.METHODS The data were derived from 2022-2024 “China Development and Nutrition Health Impact Cohort Survey”, and adults(≥18 years) with complete demographic characteristics and dietary data were selected as study subjects. Salt and sodium intake levels and main food sources among adult residents of different genders, ages, residential areas, and regions were analyzed. Compared the outcome with the recommended nutrient intake and preventive intake for non-communicable disease(PI-NCD), to assess the intake status.RESULTS The median total salt intake of adult residents in 16 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities) was 8.5 g/d, the median cooking salt intake was 6.4 g/d, the median sodium salt intake was 1.5 g/d, 76.9% of the population had a total salt intake exceeding the recommended intake of 5 g/d. The median total sodium intake reached 4230.9 mg/d, with 87.7% of residents exceeding the PI-NCD, and 87.1% exceeding the upper limit of 2000 mg/d recommended by the WHO.The salt and sodium intake were relatively higher in males, northern residents, and residents of rural areas, and the proportion of sodium intake exceeding PI-NCD was relatively higher in the 65-74 age group. The main source of total salt and sodium intake was cooking salt.CONCLUSION The problem of high salt and high sodium diets among Chinese adult residents remains prominent, with intake levels far exceeding the recommended standards. There are significant demographic and regional distribution differences.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.19813/j.cnki.weishengyanjiu.2026.03.001
中图分类号:R151.42
引用信息:
[1]刘政宜,魏艳丽,康喜,等.2022—2024年中国十六省(自治区、直辖市)成年居民盐、钠摄入现状及食物来源[J].卫生研究,2026,55(03):359-364.DOI:10.19813/j.cnki.weishengyanjiu.2026.03.001.
基金信息:
海天凌云科学发展基金; 国家财政项目(No.102393220020070000016); 北京市自然科学基金(No.JQ24021)
2026-05-21
2026-05-21