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目的 评价中国孕妇膳食多样性水平，分析其相关因素。方法 利用2015年中国成人慢性病与营养监测数据，以18～45岁孕妇为研究对象。采用食物频率法调查孕妇过去1个月各类食物摄入频率与摄入量，参照女性最低膳食多样性标准判定其膳食多样性水平；采用多元线性回归模型，分析年龄、孕周、地区、城乡、民族、文化程度与膳食多样性的关联。结果 本研究共纳入8451名孕妇，膳食多样化得分为(7.1±1.6)分，女性最低膳食多样性(minimum dietary diversity-women, MDD-W)得分≥5分占比90.5%。谷类食物的食用比例最高，99.4%的孕妇在过去24小时内食用了谷类食物。豆类的食用比例最低，仅为25.6%。孕妇文化程度、地区、城乡和民族与其膳食多样性相关。多元线性回归结果显示，与初中及以下文化程度者相比，本科及以上文化程度孕妇的MDD-W得分平均高出1.10分；与孕早期相比，孕晚期孕妇得分平均高出0.36分；与东部地区相比，西部地区孕妇得分平均低0.30分；与城市相比，农村孕妇得分平均低0.24分；与汉族相比，少数民族孕妇得分平均低0.37分(P<0.01)。结论 2015年中国孕妇膳食多样性整体较好，但存在明显的文化程度、地域、城乡和民族差异；豆类摄入频率低。
Abstract：OBJECTIVE To evaluate the dietary diversity of pregnant women in China, analyze its related factors.METHODS Using data from Chinese Nutrition and Health Surveillance(CNHS 2015-2017), pregnant women aged 18-45 years were included as study subjects. The food frequency questionnaire(FFQ) was used to investigate the intake frequency and amount of various foods among pregnant women in the past month. Dietary diversity was assessed according to the minimum dietary diversity for women(MDD-W) standard. Multiple linear regression was employed to examine the associations between dietary diversity and factors including age, pregnancy, region, urban-rural residence, ethnicity and education level.RESULTS A total of 8451 pregnant women were included in this study. The mean dietary diversity score was 7.1±1.6, and 90.5% of the participants achieved MDD-W scores ≥5. Cereals had the highest consumption proportion, with 99.4% of pregnant women consuming cereals in the past 24 hours. Legumes had the lowest consumption proportion, at only 25.6%. Dietary diversity was associated with education level, region, urban-rural location, and ethnicity. The multiple linear regression model indicated that, compared to women with junior high school education or below, those with a bachelor's degree or above had an average MDD-W score 1.10 points higher. Women in the third trimester scored 0.36 points higher than those in the first trimester. Compared to those in eastern China, pregnant women in western China had an average score 0.30 points lower; rural pregnant women scored 0.24 points lower than urban pregnant women; and ethnic minority women scored 0.37 points lower than Han women(P<0.01).CONCLUSION Dietary diversity among pregnant women in China is generally adequate, but there are significant differences in terms of education level, region, urban-rural residence, and ethnicity. The intake frequency of legumes is low.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.19813/j.cnki.weishengyanjiu.2026.03.005
中图分类号:R153.1
引用信息:
[1]李盼盼,庞学红,毕烨,等.2015年中国孕妇膳食多样性及相关因素[J].卫生研究,2026,55(03):390-396.DOI:10.19813/j.cnki.weishengyanjiu.2026.03.005.
基金信息:
国家重点研发计划(No.2022YFF1100401); 国家财政项目(No.102393220020070000016); 国家卫生健康委员会医改重大项目[中国居民营养与健康状况监测(2015-2017年)]
2026-05-21
2026-05-21